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Erebuni Fortress ((アルメニア語:Էրեբունի)), also known as Arin Berd ((アルメニア語:Արին Բերդ); meaning the "Fortress of Blood") is an Urartian fortified city, located in Yerevan, Armenia. It is situated at an height of 1017 m.〔(Erebuni Fortress Elevation and Position )〕 It was one of several fortresses built along the northern Urartian border and was one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers of the vast kingdom. The name Yerevan itself is derived from Erebuni. ==Etymology== On an inscription found at Karmir Blur, the verb ''erebu-ni'' is used in the sense of "to seize, pillage, steal, or kidnap" followed by a changing direct object. As an unchanging direct object, scholars have conjectured that the word may also mean "to take" or "to capture" and thus believe that the Erebuni at the time of its founding meant "capture", "conquest", or "victory."〔Israelyan. ''Erebuni'', pp. 12-13.〕 The Circassian historian Amjad Jaimoukha gives an alternative etymology,〔Jaimoukha, Amjad. ''The Chechens: A Handbook''. Page 29. Available at Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=PnjAlei9fe0C&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Dvals+Nakh&source=bl&ots=cBdFzCg2sy&sig=bdh7fSoSDfDFUb_DrlkA1PmpA6A&hl=en&ei=dn4bTMHAIYSBlAeZ593mCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false〕 however: ''eri'' (referring to the Èrs, the people living in the area) + ''buni''. ''Buni'' comes from the Nakh root which spawned the Chechen word ''bun'' meaning shelter or cabin; the root however simply means lair or shelter. With its Indo-European roots "bun" initially derives from the Armenian word ''buyn'' (բույն) for "birds nest" or "lair".〔Etymology of buyn: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6#Armenian〕 From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeuH-no-, from *bʰeuH- (“to be; to grow”). Cognates include Sanskrit भुवन (bhúvana, "world"), Albanian bun ("shepherd's hut") and Middle Persian بن bun ("bottom").〔Etymology of boyn: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B6#Old_Armenian〕 It may have spawned the word ''van'' in Armenian (a language with a strong Urartian substratum), albeit possibly through different roots (Urartian ''biani'' rather than Èr ''buni'') which similarly means shelter. Interpreted in that way, the fortress would be the capital city of the Èr people. ''Van'' as a root is also present in numerous other placenames in historical Armenia, including the city Van, Lake Sevan, and Nakhichevan, so it is probable that the ''van'' in ''Yerevan'' is another direct translation of the root. Jaimoukha states furthermore that the name of the Èr also serves as the root for the Arax valley (the Erashki gorge) and for the Medieval Georgian name used in the ''Georgian Chronicles'' for Lake Sevan- "Lake Ereta". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erebuni Fortress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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